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Suraj: The Early Use of Nakṣatras Harry Falk https://www.academia.edu/37118309/The_Early_Use_of_Nak%E1%B9%A3atras?email_work_card=abstract-read-more The use of the naksatras is traced to one simple purpose: defining the day of delivery. The Rgvedic method implied a survey of the 10 sidereal months at 27 days or the 9 sāvana months of 30 days. The start of counting is checked against the sky, and rather precise, particularly when the conception happens 3 days after the marriage as ruled out in the Gṛhyasūtras. In whole numbers any of three computations (10×27, 9×30, 267+3) leads to a result of 270 days. The nakṣatra's deity is regarded as a secret one in early Vedic times and used profusely in later times. Unfortunately, this random circle of memory stars was later used for astronomic purposes for measuring out the orbit, where it had to become the source of confusion and the object of remedy operations of various sorts.
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Suraj: Astrological Determinism in Indian Buddhism Jeffrey Kotyk https://www.academia.edu/38875166/Astrological_Determinism_in_Indian_Buddhism?email_work_card=abstract-read-more This study surveys the presence of astrological determinism (i.e., the belief that celestial bodies influence or signal fated developments) within Indian Buddhism, from early literature until late-Tantra, in which passive belief in astrology is more often expected than rejected. It is argued that a tradition of ‘Buddhist astrology’ did, in fact, exist with a clear evolution over time. This demonstrates that many Buddhists were comfortable with astrology alongside a belief in karma. The increasing incorporation of astrological elements into Buddhist texts also reflects the growing appreciation of astrology in Indian culture over the course of the first millennium CE. Outline Introduction Early Buddhism and Astrology Astrology in the Vinaya Astrology in Sūtra Literature The Status of Astrology in India Astrology in Buddhist Tantra Conclusion Bibliography Abbreviations Secondary Sources
Suraj: Prana- Astrology in the Kalacakra Tantra Niraj Kumar https://www.academia.edu/29687734/Prana-Astrology_in_the_Kalacakra_Tantra?email_work_card=title
Suraj: 14 Astrology Classics - Accepted By The Present Scholars https://www.speakingtree.in/blog/14-astrology-classics---accepted-by-the-present-scholars 1. BRIHAT PARASHARA HORA SHASHTRA “Brihat Parashara Hora Shashtra” is the most comprehensive extant work on natal astrology in Vedic astrology described to any rishi or sage according to the text itself. The text says that this work was created by sage Parashara. As per the mouth of words, earlier this classic had 100 chapters but at present no one have full form of this classic. Currently, four different versions of this treatise are available (all other editions use the text of Pt Sitaram Jha's version) by Khemraj Press, by Pt Sitaram Jha, by Pt Devachandra Jha, and by Ganeshadatta Pathak. These are all Hindi editions. The text prepared by Pt Sitaram Jha based on the manuscript supplied by Pt Jeevanath Jha. The present versions of classic have 13 chapters in the name of remedial measures, which cannot be grasped easily as Vedic astrology never favors remedy. 2. JATAK-TATVA Jatak-Tatva is a standard treatise on the predictive part of Hindu astrology and follows the Parashari system. It is written in Sanskrit. Its author has adopted the Sutra method for imparting knowledge of Vedic astrology instead of the traditional Sloka format. The author of this text, Mahadeva, son of Revashankar Pathak, hailed from Ratlam, Rajasthan, he was a devotee of Goddess Parvati, the consort of Lord Shiva and well-versed in medicine, Sanskrit and Jyotisha. Mahadeva is believed to have lived from 1842 to 1888. The brevity of the sutras employed to describe lengthy original passages culled from other texts is noteworthy. Jatak-Tatva comprises five tatvas or sections, namely, Samjna, Sutika, Prakirna, Strijataka, and Dasha. These five then are further divided into 13 sub-sections. 3. SARAVALI Kalyana Varma, the famous author of this famous work was a king himself ruling a place called Vyaghrapada, which place some of us trace in modern Madhya Pradesh and yet some in modern Gujarat. He is also identified as Kamadeva. He must have flourished before the 10th century as Bhattotpala (966 AD) reverentially referred to our illustrious author in his various commentaries on works like Brihat Jataka, Brihat Samhita etc. A statement akin to Kalyana Varma's date as mid-13th century is, however, incredible. Seeing Bhattotpala's reference and statements by various writers, Kalyana Varma seemed to belong to the 6th century that is immediately after the Great Master, Varaha Mihira. During the time of Kalyana Varma, there were only a few literary gems on astrology, viz. Prasara Hora, Brihat Jataka, Hora Sara etc. 4. PHALDEEPIKA The author of this book Shri Mantreswara is believed to have lived in the 13th century when this valuable work must have been compiled. His knowledge of Vedic astrology was profound and the reference in his book to Parasara, Varahamihira and other learned astrologers indicates that he had made a deep study of all the ancient astrological works existing in his time. It deals in a most inclusive and trustworthy manner with almost all the astrological aspects of human life. There can be said to be nothing that this great work has omitted from its purview. 5. UTTAR KALAMRITA Uttar Kalamrita is a reference work on Vedic astrology written by Kalidasa. However, it is not the same Kalidasa who wrote Raghuvamsha and Abhijnanasakuntalam. Uttar Kalamrita was first printed in the Telugu script. The reference to Andhra Bhasha, Urdu or Persian, Turushka, Sukkani, Rahu Kala, and other things show that he came after the sixteenth century. His use of the words Udyoga, got job, mud-cleaning, Smarta, Nadi and Vinadi, Sarasa-sallapa (a peculiar Telugu expression), Tyajya Kala and others prove that he is South Indian. These and other factors convince us that the author belongs to a time after the 16th or the 17th century. The Uttara Kalamrita contains a wealth of astrological principles which are derived from earlier works on astrology namely Brihat Parashara Hora Shastra, Brihat Jataka & Phaladeepika. 6. BRIHAT JATAK Brihat Jataka is a great classic of Vedic astrology composed by The Great Varahamihira, who was the famous astrologer in the court of The Great king Vikramaditya in the year 57BC. He was also a great astronomer and the first one to mention in his work Pancha Siddhantika, based on our ancient Siddhantas, that the ayanamsa, or the shifting of the equinox is 50.32 seconds. Brihat Jatak contains 27 chapters. This classic is eye catching due to its chapter 10 “Karmajeeva”. The topic source of earning is described in just 4 sloka. Some might feel that it’s incomplete but Varahamihira shows his genius attribute in it. He also authored the famous Brihat Samhita. 7. JATAK PARIJAAT This monumental work was done by Sri Vaidyanatba Dikshita. He was the son of a great scholar Venkatadri. The importance of this work Jataka Parijata cannot be exaggerated. It is a basic text book of Vedic Astrology, studied almost in all parts of the country by students and scholars alike. It is a book invariably prescribed for study in almost all oriental examinations on Jyotisha. Among these works is none that can excel Jataka Parijata in providing a detailed knowledge about all the essential aspects like Ayurdaya, Yogas, Bhavaphala, Vimshottari, Ashtakvarga, Stri Jataka, Kalachakra Dasha etc. The work has been translated in most of the regional languages like Malayalam, Hindi etc and is held in high esteem by astrologers as a book of great authority throughout the country. 8. SARVARTH CHINTAMANI Sarvatha Chintamani, meaning the Gem of superior desires or thoughts, is believed to have been written by Venkatesa Sarma in the 13th Century A.D.; it is one of the most important and most cited astrological works particularly on the description of yoga-formation of planets and the results of those yogas. Sarvartha Chintamani is one of the important books of astrology belonging to ancient India. Written in Sanskrit verse it deals with the effects of each house in the natal chart in far greater detail besides giving the description about the planets, their effects, lifespan and prosperity. However, it makes a clear distinction between benefic and malefic indications and their impact, although that distinction may be prima facie indicating contrary results. It also provides practical and very valuable comments on the subjects relating to the 12 houses of the birth-chart; in doing so it follows the unique and distinct procedure whereby the main subject or objects pertaining to a house are first of all stated in the very beginning of the concerned section and then astrologically explained on the basis of the house concerned, its lord and its significator, and the results, good or bad, declared. Sarvarth Chintamani, expands Varahamihira’s observation on the subject of profession which is of paramount importance to all men. This important classic covers the entire wide ambit of predictive astrology in just 17 chapters. 9. ASHTAK VARGA NIBANDH Asht means eight, Ashtakvarga means eight Vargas. These are Lagna & seven planets. Ashtak Varga is a unique system developed by the genius of vedic rishis to assess the strength of planets in transit. Our ancient sages (Rishis) have introduced such a fine method in the form of Ashtak varga nibandh that can help us find out the benignity and malignity of planets and their influence on the life of mankind. The concept of calculation which is used in this classic is not connected with any other astrology classic. Ashtakavarga is a unique system of Vedic Astrology, the parallel of which is found in no other astrological system. All the methods are pure mathematical formula. Even Prithyusha, son of Varamihira also said that “while general results on the basis of transit can be known the finer results can only be had from the use of Ashtak Varga.” This classic also shows a mathematical process to calculate the longevity of any native. In this classic the focus is on how to use Ashtakavarga in myriad situations in any kind of chart, be it the Birth chart, Divisional chart, Horary chart, Mundane or the Varsha-kundali. A comparison of bindus in different houses gives an overall idea of the life pattern. Principles have been enumerated and astrological common sense invoked. As per the several scholars, there is no astrology classic better than this that could make an accurate prediction. By Ashtak Varga Nibandh, all the malefic and benefic outcome of the deeds of a man can be found out scientifically. 10. BHAVARTHA RATNAKAR Bhavartha Ratnakar was formerly a little-known Sanskrit treatise on the predictive part of Vedic astrology which is believed to have been written by Ramanuja, it had for a very long time remained confined mainly to the southern parts of India. Bhavartha Ratnakar does not cover the entire Predictive portion of Vedic astrology as do other standard texts but selectively lists rules some of which are not to be found in other more renowned texts e.g. the rule which states that a person will be fortunate in respect of that bhava whose karaka is situated in the 12th house from the Ascendant. Scholars have found many of these rules to be effective and revealing. Bhavartha Ratnakar has 384 slokas or verses presented in 14 Chapters. The First Chapter being the longest containing 130 slokas. The Second Chapter deals with Dhana yogas, poverty and gain of education. The Third Chapter deals with brothers and the Fourth, with combinations for owning vehicles and general fortune. The Sixth and the Seventh Chapters are inter-linked and in the Eighth Chapter Fortunate Combinations are discussed. The Ninth Chapter deals with Raja yogas and Punya yogas. The Tenth Chapter lists important combinations which enable one to predict the dasha or antra-dasha during whose course death is likely to occur. The Eleventh Chapter gives information about planetary dashas and results. The Twelfth Chapter lists combinations conferring strength to bhavas or harming the bhavas, and the in the Thirteenth Chapter are listed some Malika yogas. The last chapter deals with the fundamental principles of Hindu astrology. 11. MAANSAGRI Maansagri is amongst a few ancient treatises which were composed in the primeval time. Although the exact origin of this text is not known, some scholars trace it to the 16th century. This astrological text however, has assumed remarkable importance for its unique and special treatment accorded to the intricate and complex features of this pristine monograph. This is a comprehensive and monumental primordial text of Vedic science which holds key too many baffling doubts lurking in the minds of avid readers and astute practitioners in this field. Maansagri surged new frontiers in Dasha systems. This is the only known dissertation which portends cogent effects for Astottari and Yogini Dashas. These Dashas have become the tangible components of the horoscope in the present time and are explicitly referred to for the affirmation of results. In fine, Maansagri Padditi, as textual nomenclature suggests, is the unique system of delineating the horoscopes. It is a complete text explaining the use of much Yoga, different Dasha systems and various Chakras. There is no other text which deals with all these lesser known tools of prognostication in Vedic astrology. 12. TAJIK NEELKANTHI Neelkantha first time introduced the concept of progressed horoscope called the Varshaphala or the annual chart based on sound astrological principles. The concept of Sahams and the unique system of Dasas within a smaller period of a year are some of the most important contributions of the Acharya. While the natal astrology gives us a general outline of life of the native the Varshaphala gives details of the events that may occur during each year. Tajik Neelkanthi integrates the Arabic thought in the Vedic Astrological Principles. This has also proved to be a good treatise on horary astrology. The system of application of aspects in the form of 16 well known yogas is an added service to Vedic astrology. The work, in fact is not only a classic of the first order but also a scripture in its own right. It’s the most authentic ancient work on horary (prashna) & annual horoscopy (varshaphala). 13. SHATPANCHASHIKA This classic is composed by Prathyusha, son of The Great Varahamihira. As like his father, Prathyusha was the finest astrologer. Beside this classic, he had also written Horasaar. Name of this classic Shatpanchashika reveals a lot about it. In Sanskrit 56 is written as Shatpanchash. This classic has 56 formulas to solve out a query. This classic Shatpanchashika is useful to understand the meaning of planets placement at the time of any Prashna. This classic became useful when there is no birth chart related to any native. This classic contains 7 chapters. By having 17 & 12 slokas respectively Chapter 2 and Chapter 7 became the large chapter of this astrology classic. This classic stands equal to the other two notable piece of knowledge known as Aaryasaptti and Prashanvidya. As like some other text books writer Prathyusha does not contain the Arabic, Tajik & Yavan theories in the astrology classic Shatpanchashika. 14. BRIHAT SAMHITA Brihat Samhita is a great classic of Vedic astrology composed by The Great Varahamihira, who was the famous astrologer in the court of The Great king Vikramaditya in the year 57BC. He also authored the famous Brihat Jatak. Brihat Samhita is used in the predictions regarding to any nation. Brihat Samhita is written in two parts Known as “Pratham Khand” & “Dwitya Khand”. First part contains 57 chapters & second part contains 50 chapters. Each chapter covers a specific matter but chapter no. 2, 14, 16, 19, 23, 32, 33, 40, 51, 53, 68, 69, 74, 78, 80, 86, 88, 99, 103 & 104 are most useful in present day to day life. Varahamihira, praise the need of true astrologer in the daily life. Even he mentioned that how to judge a real astrologer along with it he mention the does & don’t for a pure astrologer in this classic. In present time people like to take help from Vastu shashtra. Such people think that Vedic astrology has no connection with Vastu Shashtra. But they actually not know the real Vastu at all. Vastu is not a separate thing. It’s a part of Vedic astrology. Brihat Samhita is the only astrology classic in which a whole Chapter under the name “Vastuvidhya” deals with the queries of architecture. In today’s time period several time we found that the weather reports delivered by the metrology department goes absolute wrong. But if we take a look into this classic, we will get to know several points to trace the actual forecast of any place. That is the reason this classic is became most interesting in comparison of any other astrology classic in the community of astrology scholars.
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